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A Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) Shunt is a medical device that relieves pressure on the brain caused by fluid accumulation.

VP shunting is a surgical procedure that primarily treats a condition called hydrocephalus. This condition occurs when excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collects in the brain's ventricles. CSF cushions your brain and protects it from injury inside your skull. The fluid acts as a delivery system for nutrients that your brain needs, and it also takes away waste products. Normally, CSF flows through these ventricles to the base of the brain. The fluid then bathes the brain and spinal cord before it's reabsorbed into the blood.

When this normal flow is disrupted, the buildup of fluid can create harmful pressure on the brain's tissues, which can damage the brain. Doctors surgically place VP shunts inside one of the brain's ventricles to divert fluid away from the brain and restore normal flow and absorption of CSF.