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Prostate cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the prostate gland, a small walnut-shaped gland in men that produces fluid to nourish and transport sperm. It is one of the most common cancers in men, especially those over the age of 50.

In many cases, prostate cancer grows slowly and may not cause symptoms in its early stages. However, some types are more aggressive and can spread to nearby tissues or other parts of the body if left untreated. Early detection through regular screening and timely medical care can significantly improve treatment outcomes.

Common Symptoms

• Frequent or difficult urination

• Weak or interrupted urine flow

• Blood in the urine or semen

• Pain or burning during urination

• Erectile dysfunction

• Pain in the lower back, hips, or pelvis (in advanced stages)

Risk Factors

• Age over 50

• Family history of prostate cancer

• Inherited genetic mutations (such as BRCA1/BRCA2)

• African ancestry

• Obesity and an unhealthy lifestyle

Diagnosis

Doctors may use one or more of the following tests:

• PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) blood test

• Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)

• Multiparametric MRI

• Prostate biopsy

• CT scan, PET scan, or bone scan (if cancer spread is suspected)